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From
popular songs to written and spoken communication, English speakers use
what are called “-ever words” quite a lot. Today, we will explore the
meanings and uses of these words.
Each one is formed by taking what we call “wh- question words” –like
when and where -- and adding the word -ever to them.
A common structure for -ever words is: -ever word + subject + verb.
And, as you will see, each word has two main meanings, and they are not
very different.
Whatever
Let’s start with the word whatever. The word whatever can mean
“anything” at all or “it doesn’t matter what.”
Listen to an example:
You can have whatever you like.
This sentence means: “You can have anything that you like.”
Whatever also means “it doesn’t matter what.”
Listen:
Whatever you do, don’t come home after sunset!
This sentence means: “I don’t care what you are doing. Just don’t come
after sunset!” In this case, “Whatever you do” is a not a necessary
clause, but is used to emphasize when to return home.
Whichever
Our next -ever word is whichever. The word whichever can mean “any one
of a group” or “it doesn’t matter which.”
English learners may ask about the difference between whichever and
whatever. Here’s what’s different: whichever is used when identifying
from a set of choices that are known to both the speaker and the
listener.
Listen:
Those three hats are the nicest. Choose whichever you like best and I’ll
buy it.
This means: “Choose any one of the three hats and I’ll buy it.”
The word whichever also means “it doesn’t matter which.”
Listen:
I’m not sure whether I want to go to Martinique, Guadeloupe or St.
Lucia.
Whichever trip you choose, I’m sure you’ll get lots of time in the sun.
The second speaker is saying: “It doesn’t matter which trip you choose.
I’m sure you’ll get to spend a lot of time in the sun.”
Whoever
Our next -ever word is: whoever or whomever. Unlike other -ever words,
this word has two forms.
The word whomever has become less common over the years because of the
difficulty people have had knowing when to use it. Today, whoever is
more popular in American English.
The word whoever can mean “any person” or “it doesn’t matter who.”
Listen:
Whoever told you that didn’t know much about cars.
This means: “Any person who gave you that piece of information did not
know much about cars.”
Whoever also means “it doesn’t matter who.”
Listen:
Whoever you go with, make sure they bring their cell phone.
The speaker is saying that it doesn’t matter who you go with. Make sure
they bring their phone.
Now we’ll tell you about wherever, whenever and however and give you
some sentence examples. But this time, instead of us telling you the
meaning, you can tell us the meaning in the Comments section.
Wherever
Our next word -- wherever -- can mean “in at or to any place” or “it
doesn’t matter where.”
Listen an example:
Home can be wherever you find happiness.
And here’s another one:
Wherever the boy went, the dog followed.
Tell us what you think each sentence means.
Whenever
Onto our next -ever word: whenever. This word can mean “at any time” or
“it doesn’t matter when.”
Here’s one example:
I’m going to stay for another hour. Feel free to leave whenever you want.
And here’s another:
Whenever you have time, let’s sit down and have some pie.
Did you guess the meanings of these whenever sentences?
In the second example the word whenever is used simply to emphasize that
this can happen when the person has time. Replacing whenever with the
word when would express the same basic meaning.
However
Now, let’s move on to our final -ever word for today: however. As you
may know, however can have a few meanings, including being a synonym for
the word but.
But today, we’ll talk about its meanings as an -ever word. However can
mean “in any way” or “it doesn’t matter how.”
Listen to an example:
We will help you however we can.
Here’s the second example:
However you do it, please finish it by 10 tomorrow morning.
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