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(escucha el audio más de una vez para familiarizarte con los términos que
se introducen y explican)
In the
summertime, many people around the world wear a kind of casual shoe
known as “flip-flops.” They are completely open. So, they keep feet cool
in warm weather. They are also good to wear in the shower, at the beach
or by a swimming pool – anywhere wet.
Word and shoe experts both agree that flip-flops come from Japan.
An article in the New York Times explains that after the Second World
War ended, Japan increased its production of rubber. Among other things,
workers used rubber to make a version of a traditional Japanese sandal,
called the zori. Japan exported these rubber zoris all over the world.
But the public did not keep the name zori. The rubber sandals became
known as flip-flops. Can you hear why?
“Flip-flop” is the sound the shoes make when you walk in them.
So, that’s some information about the flip-flop we wear on our feet. But
another way we use the word "flip-flop" in American English has nothing
to do with shoes.
When you flip-flop, you completely change your mind on an issue. Not
only do you adjust your thinking, but you adopt the exact opposite
position.
For example, maybe one day you announce to your roommates that you have
become a vegetarian. You plan to eat only vegetables, beans, rice and
pasta. But at the end of the week, you make another announcement. You
say you've changed your mind. And now, you will only eat meat.
You have flip-flopped.
Word historians say this usage of "flip-flop" began around 1930 and
comes from the world of electronics. “Flip-flop” referred to switching
circuits that alternate between two states.
Today, we most commonly use the term “flip-flop” in politics.
Being accused of flip-flopping is usually not good. Let’s say you are
running for a political office. Early in your political career perhaps
you supported a popular issue – such as tax breaks for businesses. But
now supporting that issue is not popular.
So, during the campaign, you tell voters that you’ve changed your mind.
You are now against tax breaks for businesses. Your opponent could
accuse you of being weak, of not knowing what you believe in, or of
changing your position to get more votes.
A candidate who flip-flops for political gain usually gives a bad
impression. Voters come to know you as a flip-flopper.
Another, more neutral expression that means about the same as "flip-flop"
is “to do a 180.” (By the way, you can spell “one-eighty” with either
numbers or letters. The pronunciation is the same.)
If you turn 180 degrees around a circle, you will be facing in the
opposite direction. So, you can use this term simply to mean turn around.
For example, you could say that when your friend saw her ex-boyfriend
coming toward her at a party, she did a 180 and quickly walked away.
That is the literal meaning.
Figuratively, doing a 180 means you completely change your opinion, or
you make a big change in your lifestyle.
In our earlier example about flip-flopping from being a vegetarian to
eating meat, you could also say you did a 180. That expression sounds
less critical than “flip-flop.”
At work, you may not want to say that your boss flip-flopped on an
important issue. Saying she did a 180 is more polite.
You could also say that she reversed her earlier opinion. Better still,
you can say her opinion evolved. Using the word “evolved” gives the
impression that she changed her opinion over a long period of time and
after thinking about it very carefully.
In other words, if you do not want to offend someone, you might want to
save your flip-flops for the beach.
Glossary:
sandal – n. a shoe consisting of a sole
strapped to the foot switch – v. to shift to another electrical circuit by means of a
switch : to make a change from one thing to another by turning or
pushing a button or moving a switch, lever, etc. circuit – n. the complete path that an electric current travels
along alternate – v. to place or do (different things) so that one
follows the other in a repeated series evolve – v. to change or develop slowly often into a better, more
complex, or more advanced state : to develop by a process of evolution literal – adj. in a way that uses the ordinary and usual meaning
of a word : “Many words can be used both literally and figuratively.” figurative – adj. of words, language, etc. : used with a meaning
that is different from the basic meaning and that expresses an idea in
an interesting way by using language that usually describes something
else : not literal impression – n. the effect or influence that something or someone
has on a person's thoughts or feelings neutral – adj. not supporting either side of an argument, fight,
war, etc.
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